●Can
“Can” is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility.
Examples:
*I can ride a horse=>ABILITY
*We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris.=>OPPORTUNITY
*She cannot stay out after 10 PM.=>PERMISSION
*Can you hand me the stapler?=>REQUEST
*Any child can grow up to be president.=>POSSIBILITY
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Using “Can” in Present, Past, and Future
Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how “can” behaves in different contexts.
Modal Use Positive Forms
1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future
Negative Forms
1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future
You can also use:
CAN as
=>>GENERAL ABILITY
1. I can speak Chinese.
2. SHIFT TO “COULD”
I could speak Chinese when I was a kid.
3. SHIFT TO “BE ABLE TO”
I will be able to speak Chinese by the time I finish my course.
1. I can’t speak Swahili.
2. SHIFT TO “COULD”
I couldn’t speak Swahili.
3. SHIFT TO “BE ABLE TO”
I won’t be able to speak Swahili.
Can as OPPORTUNITY
1. I have some free time. I can help her now.
2. SHIFT TO “BE ABLE TO”
I had some free time yesterday. I was able to help her at that time.
3. I’ll have some free time tomorrow. I can help her then.
1. I don’t have any time. I can’t help her now.
2. SHIFT TO “BE ABLE TO”
I didn’t have time yesterday. I wasn’t able to help her at that time.
3. I won’t have any time later. I can’t help her then.
be able to
PERMISSION
1. I can drive Susan’s car when she is out of town.
2. SHIFT TO “BE ALLOWED TO “
I was allowed to drive Susan’s car while she was out of town last week.
3. I can drive Susan’s car while she is out of town next week.
1. I can’t drive Susan’s car when she is out of town.
2. SHIFT TO “BE ALLOWED TO “
I wasn’t allowed to drive Susan’s car while she was out of town last week.
3. I can’t drive Susan’s car while she is out of town next week.
REQUEST
Can I have a glass of water?
Can you give me a lift to school?
REQUESTS USUALLY REFER TO THE NEAR FUTURE.
Can’t I have a glass of water?
Can’t you give me a lift to school?
REQUESTS USUALLY REFER TO THE NEAR FUTURE.
could, may
=>>
can
POSSIBILITY, IMPOSSIBILITY Anyone can become rich and famous if they know the right people.
Learning a language can be a real challenge.
THIS USE IS USUALLY A GENERALIZATION OR A SUPPOSITION.