[ 2 ] British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Its members were appointed under Section XXXII of the Government of India Act 1858, enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
[ 3 ] At first almost all the top 1,000 members of the ICS, known as “Civilians”, were British, and had been educated in the best British schools. By 1905 5 per cent were from Bengal. In 1947 there were 322 Indians and 688 British members; most of the latter left at the time of partitionand independence.
[ 4 ] Until the 1930s the Indians in the service were very few and were not given high posts by the British.
[ 5 ] Wainwright notes that by the mid-1880s, “the basis of racial discrimination in the sub-continent had solidified”. [ 6 ]At the time of the birth of India and Pakistan in 1947, the outgoing Government of India’s ICS was divided between India and Pakistan. Although these are now organised differently, the contemporary Civil Services of India and the Pakistan Civil Service are both descended from the old Indian Civil Service.
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