➡ Challenging Words from the Article 31-12-2018
1. Word: Bona fide (वास्तविक, प्रामाणिक)
Pronunciation: boh-nuh fahyd/बोन फाइड
Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Meaning:
a. genuine; real. [Adjective]
b. without intention to deceive. [Adverb]
Synonyms: certified, legitimate
Antonyms: illegal, invalid
Use in a Sentence: To make sure you are a bona fide buyer, the real estate agent will check your credit before allowing you to view the house.
2. Word: Susceptible (अतिसंवेदनशील)
Pronunciation: suh-sep-tuh-buh l/ससेप्टबल
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning:
a. likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
b. vulnerable to physical or emotional attack or harm.
Synonyms: vulnerable, receptive to, defenseless against
Antonyms: invulnerable, secure
Use in a Sentence: Many young children get the flu vaccine so they will be less susceptible to the virus.
3. Word: Rationalize (सिद्ध करना)
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning:
a. attempt to explain or justify (behavior or an attitude) with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate.
b. make (a company, process, or industry) more efficient, especially by dispensing with superfluous personnel or equipment.
Pronunciation: rash-uh-nl-ahyz/रैशनलाइज़
Synonyms: justify, vindicate
Antonyms: complicate, obscure
Use in a Sentence: They attempted to rationalize the new functioning method.
4. Word: Scrap (रद्दी, रद्द करना)
Pronunciation: skrap/स्क्रैप
Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Meaning:
a. abolish or cancel (a plan, policy, or law). [Verb]
b. discard or remove from service (a redundant, old, or inoperative vehicle, vessel, or machine). [Verb]
c. a small piece or amount of something, especially one that is left over after the greater part has been used. [Noun]
Synonyms: junk, blacklist
Antonyms: support, continue
Use in a Sentence: I support the idea that road tax should be scrapped.
5. Word: Shot in the arm (प्रेरित करना)
Part of Speech: Idiom
Meaning:
a. Something that boosts one’s spirits
b. Something that gives help and encouragement at a time when it is needed
Synonyms: praise, assist
Antonyms: discourage, hinder
Use in a Sentence: The new member was a shot in the arm for the team, which played noticeably better.
6. Word: Shore up (मजबूत करना, टेक लगाना)
Pronunciation: shohr uhp/शोर-अप
Part of Speech: Idiom
Meaning:
a. To give someone or something robust support in the face of difficulty or to prevent potential failure
Synonyms: support, brace, reinforce
Antonyms: abstain, cancel, cease
Use in Sentence: They had to shore up the damaged wall.
7. Word: Cumbersome (बोझिल, दुष्कर)
Pronunciation: kuhm-ber-suh m/कम्बर्सम
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning:
a. large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or manage; unwieldy.
b. slow or complicated and therefore inefficient.
Synonyms: awkward, clumsy
Antonyms: graceful, convenient
Use in a Sentence: The assignment was so cumbersome that Raman had to hire six temporary workers to assist him.
8. Word: Compliance (अनुपालन)
Pronunciation: kuh m-plahy-uh ns/ कम्प्लाइअन्स
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning:
a. the state or fact of according with or meeting rules or standards.
Synonyms: obedience, concurrence, consent
Antonyms: refusal, denial, defiance
Use in a Sentence: The workers of the factory must be monitored to ensure compliance with the terms and conditions.
9. Word: Defer (स्थगित करना, टालना)
Pronunciation: dih-fur/डिफर
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning:
a. put off (an action or event) to a later time; postpone.
Synonyms: adjourn, delay, hold over
Antonyms: accelerate, hasten, expedite
Use in Sentence: The committee wish to defer their decision until next week.
10. Word: Shortfall (अभाव)
Pronunciation: shawrt-fawl/शॉर्ट्फॉल
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning:
a. a failure to get an expected return.
b. a deficit of something required or expected.
Synonyms: deficiency, flaw, lack, shortage
Antonyms: abundance, enough, perfection, plenty, sufficiency
Use in a Sentence: A budget shortfall is expected since the state spent much more than it gained in taxes.